LYGIAGREČIOS PREKYBOS RIBOJIMO FARMACIJOS SEKTORIUJE VERTINIMAS

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas vienas iš „sunkiųjų“ vertikaliųjų apribojimų konkurencijos teisėje – lygiagrečios prekybos draudimas (ribojimas), koncentruojantis į tokio pobūdžio susitarimų vertinimą farmacijos sektoriaus kontekste. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama, kad dėl specifinės ekonominės ir teisinės farmacijos sektoriaus aplinkos lygiagrečios prekybos ribojimo susitarimai ne visada turėtų būti laikomi antikonkurenciniais. Diskutuojama, kiek yra pagrįsta, kad tokio pobūdžio susitarimų itin neigiamas vertinimas yra labiau nulemtas Europos Sąjungos vidaus rinkos integracijos tikslo nei teisinės ar ekonominės logikos.Te article examines one of the hardcore vertical restraints in competition law – prohibition (restriction) of parallel trade, with the focus on the assessment of such agreements within the context of pharmaceutical industry. The article discloses that due to the very specific economical and legal environment of the pharmaceutical sector, agreements restricting parallel trade should not be condemned as anticompetitive in all cases. It is discussed whether it is reasonable that extremely negative attitude towards such agreements is more conditioned upon the European Union’s internal market integration goal than legal or economic logic

The MAGIC Touch: Combining MAGIC-Pointing with a Touch-Sensitive Mouse

Abstract. In this paper, we show how to use the combination of eye-gaze and a touch-sensitive mouse to ease pointing tasks in graphical user interfaces. A touch of the mouse positions the mouse pointer at the current gaze position of the user. Thus, the pointer is always at the position where the user expects it on the screen. This approach changes the user experience in tasks that include frequent switching between keyboard and mouse input (e.g. working with spreadsheets). In a user study, we compared the touch-sensitive mouse with a traditional mouse and observed speed improvements for pointing tasks on complex backgrounds. For pointing task on plain backgrounds, performances with both devices were similar, but users perceived the gaze-sensitive interaction of the touch-sensitive mouse as being faster and more convenient. Our results show that using a touch-sensitive mouse that positions the pointer on the user’s gaze position reduces the need for mouse movements in pointing tasks enormously. Keywords: Eye-tracking, eye-gaze pointing, touch-sensitive mouse, MAGIC pointing